Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American politician who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945-53), assuming that office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the waning months of World War II.
He is known for launching the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, for leading the Cold War against Soviet and Chinese communism by establishing the Truman Doctrine and NATO, and for intervening in the Korean War. Truman maintained that civil rights were a moral priority, and in 1948 submitted the first comprehensive civil rights legislation and issued Executive Orders to start racial integration in the military and federal agencies.
"When even one American – who has done nothing wrong – is forced by fear to shut his mind and close his mouth – then all Americans are in peril."
Harry S. Truman
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